What Are Tension Headaches?
Tension headaches are the most common type of headache in the United States. Many people feel a dull, aching pain or pressure around their head. Often, tension headaches are called stress headaches. They can last from 30 minutes to several hours. Sometimes, they come and go over many days. Because tension headaches are so common, understanding them is important for relief and prevention.
Common Symptoms
Tension headaches have clear signs. Recognizing these symptoms can help you find relief sooner. For example, you may notice:
A steady, mild to moderate pain on both sides of the head
Pressure or tightness around the forehead or back of the head
Tenderness in the scalp, neck, or shoulder muscles
No nausea or vomiting (unlike migraines)
Sensitivity to light or noise, but usually mild
Usually, these headaches do not get worse with physical activity. However, stress or tiredness can make them feel stronger.
Causes and Risk Factors
Doctors are not sure of the exact cause of tension headaches. Still, several factors can trigger or increase your risk. For instance, common causes and risk factors include:
Stress at work, school, or home
Poor posture, which strains neck and shoulder muscles
Skipping meals or dehydration
Lack of sleep or changes in sleep patterns
Eye strain from screens or reading
Fatigue or overexertion
Additionally, women are slightly more likely to experience tension headaches than men. Genetics may also play a small role.
How Tension Headaches Are Diagnosed
Doctors diagnose tension headaches by asking about your symptoms and health history. Usually, no special tests are needed. However, your doctor may:
Ask about your headache pattern and triggers
Perform a physical exam, especially of your head and neck
Check for other causes if symptoms are unusual
Sometimes, if headaches are severe or sudden, your doctor may order tests like a CT scan or MRI. This helps rule out other conditions. Most people do not need these tests for tension headaches.
Treatment Options
There are many ways to find tension headache relief. For mild headaches, simple steps often help. For example, you can try:
Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen
Resting in a quiet, dark room
Applying a cold or warm compress to your forehead or neck
Gently massaging your scalp, neck, or shoulders
If headaches are frequent, your doctor may suggest other treatments. These can include:
Prescription medications for prevention
Physical therapy to improve posture and muscle strength
Stress management techniques, such as relaxation exercises
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for stress or anxiety
Always follow your doctor’s advice on how to treat tension headaches. Avoid using pain relievers too often, as this can cause rebound headaches.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
Making small changes can help with preventing tension headaches. Consider these tips:
Keep a regular sleep schedule
Stay hydrated throughout the day
Take breaks from screens to rest your eyes
Practice good posture, especially when sitting
Manage stress with deep breathing or meditation
Eat balanced meals at regular times
Exercise regularly, even gentle walks help
By following these steps, you may reduce how often you get tension headaches. If you notice certain triggers, try to avoid them when possible.
When to See a Doctor
Most tension headaches are not dangerous. Still, you should see a doctor if:
Your headaches are very frequent or severe
Pain does not improve with usual treatments
You have headaches with fever, stiff neck, or confusion
Headaches start suddenly or after a head injury
Sometimes, headaches can be a sign of a more serious problem. Therefore, it is always best to get checked if you are unsure.
If you experience frequent or severe tension headaches, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice. Early care can help you find effective relief and prevent future headaches.